RECONSTRUCTING THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF MUQADDIMAH ILM AL-LUGHAH AL-’ARABIYYAH: INTEGRATING PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE, CLASSICAL ARABIC LINGUISTICS, AND MODERN LINGUISTICS FOR ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION. AL-MANSHUBAT. 2026;1(2):320 – 326. Accessed October 5, 2026. https://journal.takamulilmu.com/index.php/almanshubat/article/view/93